INTRODUCTION:

Objective and Limitation:

The prime objective of this project is to document and assess the status of Herbs, Shrubs and Trees in Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Campus. Through this study the author wants to surface the phytodiversity present in the university campus. This will help the students and other research scholars to get familiar with some of the native vegetation. This study also emphasizes on the need of a botanical garden in the university campus. Even though this study has a wide scope and can be applied in any of the institute because greenery is very helpful in developing an ambient atmosphere but it could be limited to colleges and universities were botany is one of the subject in student’s course.

INTRODUCTION:

The development of human societies often has caused an overexploitation of forests and a decrease in their area. Floristic diversity means floristic variety of plant forms rich diversity suggests a great many kinds of plants species and conversely poor diversity indicates flower types of living species. On this diversity hinges the future, health and beauty of the living planet habitat of floristic diversity contain wild species and genetic variation within, it is useful in the development of agriculture, medicines and industry. The present study aims to highlight the diversity of plants of Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University Campus.

Study area:

Raipur is the Capital of Chhattisgarh. Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University is located in the outskirts of the city. It is Chhattisgarh's largest and oldest institution of higher education, founded in 1964, and named after the first chief minister of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh. The University has a sprawling campus in the western part of the capital of Chhattisgarh, Raipur. The campus of University is spread in 207 acres of land. The study was carried out in Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University Campus.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

An extensive floristic survey of the Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University Campus is conducted in the month of January. Different specimen are collected from different sites inside the college campus. The collected specimen are identified taxonomically with the help of available monographs, taxonomic revisions and floras. The plant are classified into three groups viz. planted, natural and medically important plants.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

We have noticed 80 different plant species. These species are classified on into three types. The first type consists of plants which are planted by the university peoples on a timely bases. It primarily consist of trees and some ornamental plants. The next type is wild plants. These plants are rigorously fast growing. These plants are heavily distributed in the campus. Many of them are of no use. Third and the most important type consist of medically important plant. These plants are least in number.

Table 1. List of Natural Plants of the area with their ecological status.

S. No.	Botanical Name	Local Name	Family	Ecological Status
01.	Acacia Arabica (Willd.) Sans	Babul	Mimosaceae	Constantly
02.	Achyranthes aspera (Linn.) Sans	Chirchita/Latjira	Amaranthaceae	Mostly present
03.	Ageratum conyzoides Linn.	Sahadevi	Asteraceae	Mostly present
04.	Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees	Kalmegha	Acanthaceae	Rare present
05.	Asparagus racemosus Willd.	Satavar/Shatavari	Asparagaceae	Often present
06.	Alternanthara sesiles		Amaranthaceae	Natural plant
07.	Argemone mexicana Linn.	Siyalkanta	Papaveraceae	Seldom present
08.	Barleria prionitis Linn.	Vajradanti	Acanthaceae	Often present
09.	Barleria cristata Linn.		Acanthaceae	Rare present
10.	Bombax ceiba Linn.	Semal	Malvaceae	Rare present
11.	Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.	Palas	Fabaceae	Rare present
12.	Calotropis gigantean (Linn.) W.T.Aiton	Madar	Asclepiadaceae	Mostly present
13.	Calotropis procera (Aiton) Ait. f.	Aak	Asclepiadaceae	Constantly present
14.	Cassia auriculata Linn.	Tarval	Caesalpiniaceae	Constantly present
15.	Cassia tora (Linn.) C.	Chirota	Caesalpinaceae	Mostly present
16.	Chenopodium album Linn.	Bathua	Amaranthaceae	Rare present
17.	Clitoria ternatea Linn.	Aparajita	Fabaceae	Seldom present
18.	Commelina benghalensis Linn.	Kanchara/Kanuraka	Commelinaceae	Constantly present
19.	Crinum latifolium Linn.	Sudarshan	Amaryllidaceae	Seldom present
20.	Croton tiglium Linn.	Jamalghota	Euphorbiaceae	Mostly present
21.	Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers.	Doob/Dubi	Poaceae	Constantly present
22.	Cyperus rotundus Linn.	Nagarmotha/Motha	Cyperaceae	Often present
23.	Datura alba Ness	Safed dhatura	Solanaceae	Often present
24.	Datura metel Linn.	Kala dhatura	Solanaceae	Rare present
25.	Euphorbia hirta Linn.	Dudhiya	Euphorbiaceae	Constantly present
26.	Ficus benghalensis Linn.	Bargad	Moraceae	Seldom present
27.	Ipomoea aquatic Forssk.	Kalmisag	Convolvulaceae	Seldom present
28.	Lantana camara Linn.	Raimuniya/Dhani-dadia	Verbenaceae	Mostly present
29.	Leucas aspera Willd.	Chhotahalkusa/Gophaa	Lamiaceae	Often present
30.	Mimosa pudica Linn.	Lajjavanti	Mimosaceae	Rare present
31.	Nerium oleander Linn.	Kaner	Apocynaceae	Seldom present
32.	Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.	Parijat/Harsinghar	Oleaceae	Seldom present
33.	Ocimum basilicum Linn.	Bantulsi	Lamiaceae	Seldom present
34.	Oxalis corniculata Linn.	Khatti-Butti/Tinpania bhaji	Oxalidaceae	Often present
35.	Phoenix acaulis Roxb.	Chhind	Arecaceae	Often present
36.	Phyllanthus niruri Linn.	Bhuiaonla	Euphorbiaceae	Constantly present
37.	Ricinus communis Linn.	Arand	Euphorbiaceae	Seldom present
38.	Sidaacuta Burm.f.	Bariara	Malvaceae	Mostly present
39.	Sida cordifolia Linn.	Bariyari	Malvaceae	Seldom present
40.	Tecoma stans (Linn.) Juss. ex Kunth	Piliya	Bignoniaceae	Seldom present
41.	Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers.	Sharpunkha	Fabaceae	Often present
42.	Thevetia peruviana Juss.	Pila kaner	Apocynaceae	Mostly present
43.	Tridax procumbens Linn.	Khal-muriya/Tal-muriya	Asteraceae	Mostly present
44.	Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn.) Kurz	Arishtas/Dhai	Lythraceae	Rare present
45.	Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.	Ber	Rhamnaceae	Mostly present

Figure 1. Ecological Status of Natural Plants

Figure 2. Family wise diversity of Natural Plants

Table 2. List of Planted Plants of the area with their uses and ecological status.

S. No.	*Botanical Name*	Local Name	Family	Ecological Status
01.	Albizia lebbeck (Linn.) Benth.	Kokko/Siris	Fabaceae	Seldom present
02.	Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm.f.	Gheekunvar	Liliaceae	Often present
03.	Alstonia scholaris R.Br.	Sapttaparn/Chhatwan	Apocyanaceae	Often present
04.	Anacyclus pyrethrum (Linn.) Link	Akarkara	Asteraceae	Rare present
05.	Annona squamosa Linn.	Sittaphal	Annonaceae	Mostly present
06.	Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.	Kadamb	Rubiaceae	Rare present
07.	Artocarpu sheterophyllus Lam.	Kathal	Moraceae	Rare present
08.	Azadirachta indica A.Juss.	Neem	Meliaceae	Mostly present
09.	Bambusa bambos (Linn.) Voss	Bans/Bamboo	Poaceae	Seldom present
10.	Bauhinia purpurea Linn.	Kolari/Koenar	Fabaceae	Rare present
11.	Bauhinia variegate Linn.	Kachnar	Fabaceae	Rare present
12.	Brassica campestris (Linn.) Wild turnip.	Kalisarson	Brassicaceae	Seldom present
13.	Bryophyllum pinnatum(Lam.) Oken.	Ghamari/Patharchita	Crassulaceae	Rare present
14.	Carica papaya Linn.	Papita	Caricaceae	Mostly present
15.	Cassia fistula Linn.	Amaltash	Caesalpinaceae	Seldom present
16.	Cathranthus roseus (Linn.) G. Don	Sadabahar	Apocynaceae	Often present
17.	Cissus quadrangularis Linn.	Harshankari/Hadjora	Vitaceae	Rare present
18.	Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.f.	Nimbu	Rutaceae	Often present
19.	Cocos nucifera Linn.	Nariyal	Arecaceae	Seldom present
20.	Coleus aromaticus Benth.	Patharajwain	Lamiaceae	Rare present
21.	Crotalaria retusa Linn.	Khunkuniyan	Fabaceae	Often present
22.	Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.	Shisham	Fabaceae	Often present
23.	Delonix regia (Boj. Ex Hook.) Raf.	Gulmohar	Caesalpinaceae	Mostly present
24.	Emblica officinalis Gaertn.	Amla	Euphorbiaceae	Often present
25.	Eucalyptus globulas Labill.	Neelgiri	Myrtaceae	Often present
26.	Ficusreligiosa Linn.	Peepal/Vat	Moraceae	Often present
27.	Hibiscus rosa-sinensisLinn.	Gurhal	Malvaceae	Mostly present
28.	Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Aiton	Mogra	Oleaceae	Seldom present
29.	Jatropha curcas Linn.	Ratanjot	Euphorbiaceae	Rare present
30.	Mangifera indica Linn.	Aam	Anacardiaceae	Often present
31.	Mentha piperita Linn.	Pudina	Lamiaceae	Mostly present
32.	Michelia champaca Linn.	Champa	Mangnoliaceae	Seldom present
33.	Mirabilis jalapa Linn. (Yellow Variety)	PeelaGulaba	Nyctaginaceae	Seldom present
34.	Moringa oleifera Lam.	Munga	Moringaceae	Often present
35.	Musa paradisiaca Linn.	Kela	Musaceae	Rare present
36.	Ocimum sanctum Linn.	Tulsi	Lamiaceae	Constantly present
37.	Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.	Nagphane	Cactaceae	Seldom present
38.	Parthenium hysterophorus Linn.	Gajarghash	Asteraceae	Often present
39.	Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre	Karanj	Fabaceae	Often present
40.	Psidium guajava Linn.	Amrood/Jam	Myrtaceae	Often present
41.	Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. ex Kurz	Sarpagandha	Apocynaceae	Seldom present
42.	Rosa centifolia Linn.	Gulab	Rosaceae	Mostly present
43.	Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels.	Jamun	Myrtaceae	Seldom present
44.	Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less.	Sadodi	Asteraceae	Constantly present
45.	Tamarindus indica Linn.	Imli	Caesalpinaceae	Seldom present
46.	Terminalia arjuna Bedd.	Arjun	Combretaceae	Seldom present
47.	Thuja occidentalis Linn.	Vidyapalti	Cupressaceae	Seldom present
48.	Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers	Giloe	Menispermaceae	Rare present

Figure 3. Ecological status of Planted Plants

Figure 4 Family wise diversity of Planted Plants

Table 3. List of medicinal plants of the area with their uses and ecological status.

S. No.	Botanical Name	Local Name	Family	Uses	Ecological Status
1.	Acacia arabica (Willd.) Sans	Babul	Mimosaceae	Pelia: antiseptic; Stem Bark: mouth wash, cleaning teeth; Stem: dysentery; Bark: astringent.	Constantly present
2.	Achyranthes aspera (Linn.) Sans	Chirchita/Latjira	Amaranthaceae	Plant: piles, colic, boils, diuretic and astringent; Roots: pyrrhoea, cough and fevers.	Mostly present
3.	Acalyphaindica Linn.	Kuppu/Khokali	Euphorbiaceae	Flowers: diarrhea; Leaves: scabies, stomach ulcers bed sores.	Often present
4.	Albizialebbeck (Linn.) Benth.	Kokko/Siris	Fabaceae	Seeds: astringent, piles	Seldom present
5.	Alstoniascholaris R.Br.	Sapttaparn/Chhatwan	Apocyanaceae	Leaves Bark: ulcers, beriberi, dropsy malaria, gastro-intestinal troubles, dysentery.	Often present
6.	Anacyclus pyrethrum (Linn.) Link	Akarkara	Asteraceae	Plant: cardiac stimulant, rheumatism.	Rare present
7.	Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees	Kalmegha	Acanthaceae	Plant: bronchitis, dyspepsia, dysentery, influenza; Seeds: fevers.	Rare present
8.	Argemone mexicana Linn.	Siyalkanta	Papaveraceae	Plant juice: dropsy and jaundice; Leaf juice: scabies; Stem juice: healing of wounds, eye diseases. Seed oil: dropsy, jaundice and skin diseases.	Seldom present
9.	Smilax perfoliata	Jangliaushbah	Smilacaceae	The roots are used for veneral diseases	Often present
10.	Azadirachta indica A.Juss.	Neem	Meliaceae	Leaves: carminative, expectorant, anthelmintic, antidotal, diuretic; Leaves fresh juice: intestinal worms, jaundice and skin diseases; Fruit: (UTI) Piles, leprosy; Seed: leprosy and chronic diseases.	Mostly present
11.	Barleria prionitis Linn.	Vajradanti	Acanthaceae	Root: boils and swellings; Dried bark: cough.	Often present
12.	Barleria cristata Linn.		Acanthaceae	Plant: diuretic and blood purifier.	Rare present
13.	Basella rubra Roxburgh	Poi bhaji	Basellaceae	Leaf: utricaria in women.	Rare present
14.	Bauhinia variegata Linn.	Kachnar	Fabaceae	Flower powder: haemorrhage; Bark: skin diseases.	Rare present
15.	Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.	Gadahpurna	Nyctaginaceae	Plant pacifies vitiated vata, pitta, fever, constipation, leucorrhoea, cardiac disorders, urinary infection and vesical stone	Rare present
16.	Bombax ceiba Linn.	Semal	Malvaceae	Bark: diarrhea, dysentery and menorrhogia; Fruits: snake bite; Flower buds: colitis.	Rare present
17.	Brassica campestris (Linn.) Wild turnip.	Kalisarson	Brassicaceae	Oil: rheumatic pains, skin disease, snake bite, bodyache, Piles, Pyorrhoea, Itching, Urticaria	Seldom present
18.	Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken.	Ghamari/Patharchita	Crassulaceae	Leaves: boils, wounds, bites by venomous insects, potent antiseptic, kidney stones.	Rare present
19.	Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.	Palas	Fabaceae	Seed: diarrhea; Flower and Leaves: boils, pimples colic worms, and piles; Gum: diarrhea; Bark: snake bite.	Rare present
20.	Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) W.T.Aiton	Madar	Asclepiadaceae	Flower: cold, cough, asthma; Root bark: Dysentry; Leaves: Paralysis.	Mostly present
21.	Calotropis procera (Aiton) Ait. f.	Aak	Asclepiadaceae	Leaves: dropsy, skin-disease: Flower: cough, cold, asthma.	Constantly present
22.	Carica papaya Linn.	Papita	Caricaceae	Fruit: anthelmintic; Plant: blood anticoagulant.	Mostly present
23.	Cassia fistula Linn.	Amaltash	Caesalpinaceae	Fruits laxative: blood purification, snake bite; Leaves: skin disease.	Seldom present
24.	Cassia tora (Linn.) C.	Chirota	Caesalpinaceae	Seed: ringworm skin Diseases; Root: snake bite.	Mostly present
25.	Cathranthus roseus (Linn.) G. Don	Sadabahar	Apocynaceae	Plant: diabetes, sore throat, laryngitis and chest complaints; Leaves: menorrhagia; Root: stomachic.	Often present
26.	Cissus quadrangularis Linn.	Hadjora	Vitaceae	Stem: asthma; Roots: fractured bones; Shoots: burns wounds.	Rare present
27.	Clitoria ternatea Linn.	Aparajita	Fabaceae	Root bark: diuretic, swollen joints.	Seldom present
28.	Croton tiglium Linn.	Jamalghota	Euphorbiaceae	Seed: asthma, bronchitis, paralysis, gout.	Mostly present
29.	Datura alba Ness	Safed dhatura	Solanaceae	Leaves: boils and sores; Seeds oils: antimicrobial activity.	Often present
30.	Datura metel Linn.	Kala dhatura	Solanaceae	Leaves: smoked as an antispasmodic in asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis; Fruits: to check dandruffand falling of the hair.	Rare present
31.	Emblica officinalis Gaertn.	Amla	Euphorbiaceae	Fruit: richest source of Vitamin C, diuretic and laxative, fevers, vomiting indigestion troubles; Dried fruit: diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhage in anemia, jaundice etc.	Often present
32.	Eucalyptus globulas Labill.	Neelgiri	Myrtaceae	Leaves: asthma, influenza and bronchitis; Oil: muscular pains, antiseptic, infections of the upper respiratory tract and certain skin diseases ointments for burns; Root: purgative.	Often present
33.	Euphorbia hirta Linn.	Dudhiya	Euphorbiaceae	Plant: colic pains, gentio-urinary tract; Plant latex: nervousness diseases, dropsy, worm infection and skin diseases.	Constantly present
34.	Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Aiton	Mogra	Oleaceae	Leaves: treat gallstones; Root: diabetes mellitus, headaches; Flower: antidepressant; Jasmine oil: addiction, depression, nervousness, coughs, relaxation and tension.	Seldom present
35.	Michelia champaca Linn.	Champa	Mangnoliaceae	Bark: stimulant, expertorant and astringent; Roots: dyspepsia fever, renal diseases; Leaf juice: colic; Seeds and fruits: antiseptic.	Seldom present
36.	Mimosa pudica Linn.	Lajjavanti	Mimosaceae	Roots: piles, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, amoebic dysentery, gynecological disorders, skin diseases, bronchitis, general weakness and impotence; Leaves: vaginal diseases, wounds, ulcers, fistula, scrofula, hydrocele, whole plant: edema and rheumatism.	Rare present
37.	Musa paradisiaca Linn.	Kela	Musaceae	Banana fruit: intestinal disorders, uremia, nephritis, hypertension and other vascular diseases; Root: anthelmintic; Flowers: astringent, cough and cold; Stem: dyspepsia and stomach disorders; Root: blood diseases; Leaves: antiseptic.	Rare present
38.	Nerium oleander Linn.	Kaner	Apocynaceae	Whole plant: anticancer properties; Leaves: scabies and to reduce swellings; Roots: cardiac asthma, chronic stomache, joint pains, leprosy and ulcers.	Seldom present
39.	Ocimum sanctum Linn.	Tulsi	Lamiaceae	Leaf juice: chronic fever, haemorrhage dysentery and dyspepsia, check vomiting, throat conjestion, liver disorder; Leaf extract in cold effects; Flowers: cough, headache; Seeds: fever, stimulant in colitis.	Constantly present
40.	Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre	Karanj	Fabaceae	Seeds: skin diseases and rheumatism; Fresh Bark: bleeding piles; Roots: closing fistulous sores and for cleansing foul ulcers and sexual diseases; Flower: diabetes	Often present
41.	Psidium guajava Linn.	Amrood/Jam	Myrtaceae	Leaves: cholera to check vomiting in diarrhea, astringent; Shoot and leaf infusion: antispasmodic, body pain, nephritis, locally applied on swellings and rheumatism; Flowers: bronchitis, eye sores, bleeding gums and colitis; Fruits: colic and bleeding gums.	Often present
42.	Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. Ex Kurz	Sarpagandha	Apocynaceae	Root: intestinal disorders, cholera, colic; Leaf juice: inopacity of corna, Roots: bowels and fever.	Seldom present
43.	Terminalia arjuna Bedd.	Arjun	Combretaceae	Bark: astringent, cardiac stimulant	Seldom present
44.	Thevetia peruviana Juss.	Pila kaner	Apocynaceae	Seed: dropsy, rheumatism; Root and Root Bark: skin disease, cuts, wounds, tumors.	Mostly present
45.	Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers	Giloe	Menispermaceae	Plant: diuretic, stimulant rheumatism, urinary diseases, skin diseases, piles, bronchitis and jaundice; Roots and Stem: fevers chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, and jaundice.	Rare present

Figure 4. Ecological status of Planted Plants

Figure 3. Family wise diversity of Planted Plants

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

Medically important plants are under threat from naturally occurring plant species. Because naturally occurring plant have high disease resistance and high reproduction rate will quickly occupy the space available, which result in deficiency of nutrients and space for to other plants species. In other words we can say that naturally occurring plants are ecologically dominant species, which inhibit the growth of other species. We can easily check the growth of wild plants by introducing economically and medicinally important plants of Asteraceae and Poaceae. The advantage with these plants is that they have all the characteristics of wild species but they are useful to mankind also. These plants require least care and help form others. If we adopt this method we will surely terminate the obnoxious plants from our vicinity.

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Received on 22.11.2022 Accepted on 27.04.2023

Int. J. Tech. 2023; 13(1):7-21.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-3915.2023.00002